🧬 Volume 3: Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry is the study of electron arrow-pushing mechanisms, orbital overlap symmetries, intermediate stabilities, and regio-/stereoselective transformations. In competitive exams (IIT-JEE Advanced & Olympiads), organic chemistry questions present multi-step synthesis roadmaps testing resonance delocalization, carbocation rearrangement cascades, pericyclic and stereochemical control, and named carbonyl condensations.
🧭 Roadmap of Chapters
1. General Organic Chemistry (GOC)
Inductive, Resonance & Mesomeric effects, Hyperconjugation, Hückel's Rule of Aromaticity, Carbocation/Carbanion/Free Radical stabilities, Acidic & Basic strength rankings.
Study Chapter 1 →2. Isomerism & Stereochemistry
Structural isomerism, Geometrical isomerism (cis/trans, E/Z), Optical isomerism (Chirality, R/S Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority, Enantiomers, Diastereomers, Meso compounds, Conformational analysis of cyclohexane).
Study Chapter 2 →3. Hydrocarbons
Alkanes (Free radical halogenation, Wurtz, Corey-House), Alkenes (Markovnikov & Anti-Markovnikov addition, Oxymercuration, Hydroboration, Ozonolysis), Alkynes & Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution (EAS: Nitration, Halogenation, Friedel-Crafts).
Study Chapter 3 →4. Alkyl & Aryl Halides
SN1 vs SN2 vs E1 vs E2 kinetics and stereochemistry (Walden inversion vs racemization), Saytzeff vs Hofmann elimination, Benzyne mechanism, Grignard reagent synthesis and reactions.
Study Chapter 4 →5. Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers
Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement, Lucas test, Victor Meyer test, Phenol electrophilic substitutions (Reimer-Tiemann, Kolbe-Schmitt, Fries rearrangement), Williamson ether synthesis, Cleavage with HI.
Study Chapter 5 →6. Aldehydes & Ketones (Carbonyls)
Nucleophilic additions (HCN, NaHSO3, Grignard), Aldol condensation & Crossed Aldol, Cannizzaro & Crossed Cannizzaro, Benzoin condensation, Perkin reaction, Clemmensen & Wolff-Kishner reductions, Iodoform test.
Study Chapter 6 →7. Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (Addition-Elimination), Acyl chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters, Amides, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction, Decarboxylation, Ortho effect in benzoic acids.
Study Chapter 7 →8. Amines & Diazonium Salts
Basicity of aliphatic & aromatic amines in gas phase vs aqueous medium, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Hinsberg test, Diazotization & Sandmeyer / Gattermann / Azo coupling reactions.
Study Chapter 8 →9. Biomolecules & Polymers
Carbohydrates (D/L configuration, Glucose open & Haworth cyclic structures, Mutarotation, Anomers, Reducing sugars), Amino acids & Zwitterions (Isoelectric point pI), Proteins, DNA/RNA, Polymers.
Study Chapter 9 →